Color-flavor locking Totally Explained

Everything about Color-flavor Locking totally explained

Color-flavor locking (CFL) is a phenomenon that's expected to occur in ultra-high-density quark matter. The quarks form Cooper pairs, whose color properties are correlated with their flavor properties in a symmetric pattern. According to the standard model of particle physics, the color-flavor-locked phase is the highest density phase of three-flavor matter.

Color-flavor-locked Cooper pairing

If each quark is represented as

psi^alpha_i

, with color index

alpha

taking values 1,2,3 corresponding to red, green, and blue, and flavor index

i

taking values 1,2,3 corresponding to up, down, and strange, then the color-flavor locked pattern of Cooper pairing is ť

langle psi^alpha_i C gamma_5 psi^eta_j 
angle
propto delta^alpha_idelta^eta_j - delta^alpha_jdelta^eta_i 
   = epsilon^

This means that a Cooper pair of an up quark and a down quark must have colors red and green, and so on. This pairing pattern is special because it leaves a large unbroken symmetry group.

Physical properties

The CFL phase has several remarkable properties,

It breaks chiral symmetry.
It is a superfluid.
It is an electromagnetic insulator, in which there's a "rotated" photon, containing a small admixture of one of the gluons.
It has the same symmetries as sufficiently dense hyperonic matter.

There are several variants of the CFL phase, representing distortions of the pairing structure in response to external stresses such as a difference between the mass of the strange quark and the mass of the up and down quarks.

Further Information

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